What is Cancer?

Cancer is a group of diseases that occur when cells in the body grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Normally, cells grow, divide, and die in a regulated way. However, cancer disrupts this balance. Instead of dying when they should, cancer cells continue to multiply, forming masses called tumors. Not all tumors are cancerous—benign tumors are non-cancerous and usually don’t spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the body because it arises from genetic changes in cells. These changes can result from inherited mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Smoking, exposure to harmful chemicals, excessive UV radiation, and certain infections are some known risk factors. However, in many cases, the exact cause of cancer remains unclear. One of the most challenging aspects of cancer is its ability to metastasize, or spread to other parts of the body. When this happens, it becomes more difficult to treat. Common types of cancer include breast, lung, prostate, and colon cancer, though there are over 100 different types. Early detection is crucial in managing cancer effectively. Screening tests, such as mammograms or colonoscopies, can catch cancer early, often before symptoms appear. Treatments for cancer vary and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, or targeted therapies, depending on the type and stage of the disease. While a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, advancements in research and treatments have improved survival rates and quality of life for many patients. Staying informed, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and getting regular checkups are key steps in reducing the risk and ensuring early intervention.

Understanding cancer empowers us to take action, support loved ones, and remain hopeful in the face of this complex disease.